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003			ZW-GwMSU
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008			240306b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aMSU _bEnglish _cMSU _erda
050			_aHB73 JOU
100	1		_aFryer, Roland G. _eauthor
245		0	_aMeasuring the Compactness of Political Districting Plans _cby Roland G. Fryer and Richard Holden
264			_aChicago: _bUniversity of Chicago Press; _c2011.
336			_2rdacontent _atext _btxt
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated _bn
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume _bnc
440			_aThe Journal of Law and Economics _vVolume 54, number 3
520			_aWe develop a measure of compactness based on the distance between voters within the same district relative to the minimum distance achievable, which we coin the relative proximity index. Any compactness measure that satisfies three desirable properties (anonymity of voters, efficient clustering, and invariance to scale, population density, and number of districts) ranks districting plans identically to our index. We then calculate the relative proximity index for the 106th Congress, which requires us to solve for each state’s maximal compactness—a problem that is nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP hard). The correlations between our index and the commonly used measures of dispersion and perimeter are −.37 and −.29, respectively. We conclude by estimating seat-vote curves under maximally compact districts for several large states. The fraction of additional seats a party obtains when its average vote increases is significantly greater under maximally compact districting plans relative to the existing plans
650			_aAlgorithms _vCentroids _xCongressional districts
650			_aElectoral districts _vIncumbents _xPopulation density
650			_aTopological compactness _vVoting _xVoting precincts
700			_aHolden, Richard _eco author
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1086/661511
942			_2lcc _cJA
999			_c164154 _d164154