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008			240301b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a00222186
040			_aMSU _bEnglish _cMSU _erda
050			_aHB73 JOU
100	1		_aKuran, Timur _eauthor
245			_aJudicial biases in Ottoman Instabul: _bIslamic justice and its compatibility with modern economic life _cby Timur Kuran and Scott Lustig
264			_aChicago _bUniversity of Chicago Press _c2012
336			_2rdacontent _atext _btxt
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated _bn
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume _bnc
440			_aJournal of law and economics _vVolume 55, number 3
520			_aAbstract The transition to impersonal exchange and modern economic growth has depended on courts that enforce contracts efficiently. This article shows that Islamic courts of the Ottoman Empire exhibited biases that would have limited the expansion of trade in the eastern Mediterranean, particularly that between Muslims and non-Muslims. It thus explains why economic modernization in the Middle East involved the establishment of secular courts. In quantifying Ottoman judicial biases, the article discredits both the claim that these courts treated Christians and Jews fairly and the counterclaim that non-Muslims lost cases disproportionately. Biases against non-Muslims were in fact institutionalized. By the same token, non-Muslims did relatively well in adjudicated interfaith disputes, because they settled most conflicts out of court in anticipation of judicial biases. Islamic courts also appear to have favored state officials. The article undermines the Islamist claim that reinstituting Islamic law (sharia) would be economically beneficial
650			_aIslam _xTrials
650			_aMuslims _xLitigants
700			_aLustig,Scott _eco author
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1086/665537
942			_2lcc _cJA
999			_c164018 _d164018