TY - BOOK AU - Townsend,Keith AU - Wilkinson,Adrian AU - Burgess,John TI - Filling the gaps: patterns of formal and informal participation SN - 0143831X AV - HD5650 EID PY - 2013/// CY - Los Angeles PB - Sage KW - Employee participation KW - Employee voice KW - Employment relations N2 - Industrial relations scholarship has traditionally privileged union forms of employee participation. In more recent years there has been a shift to understand the role of participation in non-union firms. This article develops theory on employee participation through analysis of an Australian case study in the hotel sector. The authors find that formal participation mechanisms are useful and essential for both employees and managers, however formal participation leaves behind gaps which are partially filled with informal voice exchanges between employees and their managers UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X12448442 ER -