The handbook of conflict resolution : theory and practice / created by Peter T. Coleman, Morton Deutsch and Eric C. Marcus.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Introduction
A Conflict between Husband and Wife
An Intergroup Conflict at a School
The Position of the BTC
The Position of the European American SBM Committee Members
The Conflict in Northern Ireland
Some Questions About Conflict
Some Differences between the Orientation of Theorists and Practitioners
Analytical versus the Synthetic Approach
Skeptical versus Pragmatic
Enduring versus Useful Truths
A Brief History of Social Psychological Theorizing About Conflict
Field Theory, Conflict, and Cooperation-Competition
Game Theory and Games
Themes in Contemporary Social Psychological Research on Conflicts
References
Part One: Interpersonal and Intergroup Processes
Chapter One: Cooperation, Competition, and Conflict
A Theory of Cooperation and Competition
The Effects of Cooperation and Competition
Constructive and Destructive Competition
Pathologies of Cooperation
Initiating Cooperation and Competition
Summary of the Theory of Conflict Resolution
Implications of the Theory for Understanding Conflict
The Importance of a Cooperative Orientation
Reframing
The Norms of Cooperation
The Values Underlying Constructive Conflict Resolution
Implications for Managing Conflict
Implications for Training
The Social Context of Learning
The Social Context of Application
The Substantive Content of Training
The Reflective Practitioner
Suppose the Other Does Not Want to Cooperate
What Then?
Conclusion
References
Chapter Two: Justice and Conflict
The Forms That Injustice Takes
Distributive Justice
Procedural Justice
The Sense of Injustice
Retributive and Reparative Justice
Moral Exclusion
Cultural Imperialism. Implications for Understanding Conflict
Injustice as the Source of Conflict
Injustice in the Course of Conflict
Conflict About What Is Just
"Justifying" as a Negotiation Tactic
Implications for Training
Knowledge of Systematic Forms of Injustice in Society
Enlarging the Scope of One's Moral Community
Increasing Empathy
Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Inventing Solutions
Conclusion
References
Chapter Three: A Delicate and Deliberate Journey toward Justice: Challenging Privilege: Building Structures of Solidarity
Theorizing Justice Frameworks: Denaturalizing Inequality and Privilege
Rooting Solidarity in (Our) Nature
Under What Conditions Do Persons of Privilege Challenge Unjust Social Arrangements?
Challenging Inequality, Confronting Privilege
The Equality Trust: Structural Policies Designed to Reduce Inequality Gaps
Bringing Social Justice Home to School: Psychosocial Education for Diversity and Inclusion
Praxis Consulting Group: Building Employee-Owned Cooperatives by Addressing Inequality
Conclusion
References
Chapter Four: Constructive Controversy: The Value of Intellectual Opposition
What Is Constructive Controversy?
Constructive Controversy Theory
Structure of the Situation
Processes of Interaction
Constructive Controversy
Concurrence Seeking
Benefits of Constructive Controversy
Conditions Determining the Constructiveness of Controversy
Structuring Constructive Controversies
Constructive Controversy in the Classroom
Decision Making
Constructive Controversy and Democracy
Conclusion
References
Chapter Five: Trust, Trust Development, and Trust Repair
What Is Trust?
A Definition of Trust
Why Trust Is Critical to Relationships
Calculus-Based Trust
Identification-Based Trust. Trust and Relationships: An Elaboration of Our Views
Characterizing Relationships Based on Trust Elements
Managing Trust and Distrust in Conflict Situations
Actions That Build Calculus-Based Trust
Strategies to Manage Calculus-Based Distrust
Actions That Build IBT
Strategies to Manage IBD
What Happens If Trust Is Violated?
Trust Repair
Implications for Managing Conflict More Effectively
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Six: Power and Conflict
A Discussion of Power
Power as a Dynamic
Environmental, Relational, and Personal Power
Potential and Kinetic Power
Primary and Secondary Power
Top-Down, Middle-Out, and Bottom-Up Power
Effective Power and Sustainable Outcomes
Perceived Power
General versus Relevant Power
Components of Power
Personal Factors
Environmental Factors
Principles of Power-Conflict Dynamics
A Situated Model of Power and Conflict
Implications for Training in Conflict Resolution
Conclusion
References
Chapter Seven: Communication and Conflict
Four Communication Paradigms
The Encoding-Decoding Paradigm
The Intentionalist Paradigm
The Perspective-Taking Paradigm
The Dialogic Paradigm
Form versus Substance: Both Matter
Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter Eight: Language, Peace, and Conflict Resolution
Concepts of Language, Peace, and Conflict Resolution
Implications for an Applied Peace Linguistics
Nonviolent Communication
Nonviolent Communication Research
Appreciative Inquiry
Research on AI
Powerful Nondefensive Communication
Constructive Communication
Constructive Communication Research
Implications for Education for Peaceful Language Use
Language in Peace-Building Teacher Education
The Rise of Nonkilling Linguistics
Conclusion
References
Appendix: On Languages. A Poem-Plea by Francisco Gomes de Matos
Chapter Nine: The PSDM Model: Integrating Problem Solving and Decision Making in Conflict Resolution
A Simple Model
Problem Solving
Problem Solving as the Search for Good, Constructive, Mutually Satisfying Solutions
Individual and Social Interaction Perspectives on Problem Solving
Critiques
Decision Making
The Individual as Decision Maker
Group Decision Making and Commitment
Understanding Problem Solving and Decision Making in Conflict Situations
The PSDM Model Revisited
Diagnosis
Identifying Alternative Solutions
Evaluating and Choosing
Committing to a Choice
Implications for Training and Practice
Conditions That Encourage Problem Solving
Teaching the Lessons from the Decision-Making Literature
Conclusion
References
Chapter Ten: Intergroup Conflict
Intergroup Conflict: Sources and Dynamics
Sources of Intergroup Conflict
Perceptual and Cognitive Factors
Group-Level Factors
Escalation Dynamics
Resistances to Resolution and Intractability
Implications for Understanding and Practice
Analyzing the Conflict
Confronting the Conflict
Resolving the Conflict
Implications for Training
Analytical Skills
Personal Qualities
Interpersonal Skills
Group Leadership Skills
Intergroup Skills
Consultation Skills
Conclusion
References
Part Two: Intrapsychic and Intragroup Processes
Chapter Eleven: Judgmental Biases in Conflict Resolution and How to Overcome Them
Bias: A Definition
Biases of Cognition
Biases of Process and the Dance of Negotiation
Biases of Outcome and Allocation
Implications of Negotiator Bias
Exaggeration of Conflict: False Conflict
Failure to Reach Agreement When Agreement Would Be Mutually Beneficial
Reaching Agreement Prematurely or in Substandard Way. Negotiation Relationships
Self-Perception and Self-Confidence
Remedying Bias in Negotiation
Naturally Occurring Remedies of Bias
Deliberate and Structured Interventions for Remedying Bias
Conclusion
References
Chapter Twelve: Emotion and Conflict: Why It Is Important to Understand How Emotions Affect Conflict and How Conflict Affects Emotions
The Nature of Emotions
The Interaction between Emotion and Conflict
Fear, and How It Affects Conflict and Is Affected by Conflict
Anger and Hatred, and How They Affect Conflict and Are Affected by Conflict
Humiliation, and How It Affects Conflict and Is Affected by Conflict
Guilt, and How It Affects Conflict and Is Affected by Conflict
Confidence and Warmth, and How They Affect Conflict and Are Affected by Conflict
How to Intervene in Conflict, Control Negative Emotions, and Foster Positive Emotions
Conclusion
References
Chapter Thirteen: Self-Regulation in the Service of Conflict Resolution
Understanding "Willpower"
A Prototypic Conflict within the Self: The Marshmallow Dilemma
Essential Preliminaries for Self-Regulation
Hot Reactions and the Emotional Brain
From Hot to Cool: Enabling Willpower
Interpersonal Conflict
Self-Regulatory Failure in Interpersonal Conflict
Escalating Spirals in Conflict
Cooling Strategies and Techniques
Time-Out
Reflection
Self-Regulatory Plans and Implementation Strategies
Modeling, Role Play, or Rehearsal
Conclusion
References
Chapter Fourteen: Group Decision Making in Conflict from Groupthink to Polythink in the War in Iraq
Groupthink and Polythink
Groupthink
Polythink
The Groupthink-Polythink Continuum
The Iraq War-From Groupthink to Polythink
The Decision to Invade Iraq in 2003: A Classic Groupthink Dynamic
The Surge: The Con-Div Group Dynamic

Praise for The Handbook of Conflict Resolution "This handbook is a classic. It helps connect the research of academia to the practical realities of peacemaking and peacebuilding like no other. It is both comprehensive and deeply informed on topics vital to the field like power, gender, cooperation, emotion, and trust. It now sits prominently on my bookshelf."--Leymah Gbowee, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate "The Handbook of Conflict Resolution offers an astonishing array of insightful articles on theory and practice by leading scholars and practitioners. Students, professors, and professionals alike can learn a great deal from studying this Handbook."--William Ury, Director, Global Negotiation Project, Harvard University; coauthor, Getting to Yes and author, The Third Side "Morton Deutsch, Peter Coleman, and Eric Marcus put together a handbook that will be helpful to many. I hope the book will reach well beyond North America to contribute to the growing worldwide interest in the constructive resolution of conflict. This book offers instructive ways to make this commitment a reality."--George J. Mitchell, Former majority leader of the United States Senate; former chairman of the Peace Negotiations in Northern Ireland and the International Fact-Finding Committee on Violence in the Middle East; chairman of the board, Walt Disney Company; senior fellow at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University "Let's be honest. This book is just too big to carry around in your hand. But that's because it is loaded with the most critical essays linking the theory and practice of conflict resolution. The Handbook of Conflict Resolution is heavy on content and should be a well-referenced resource on the desk of every mediator-as it is on mine." -Johnston Barkat, Assistant Secretary-General, Ombudsman and Mediation Services, United Nations