Trusts law / created by Charlie Webb and Tim Akkouh.

Includes bibliography and index

Machine generated contents note: 1.An Introduction to equity and trusts 1.1.What are we doing here? 1.2.Property and trusts 1.3.The varieties of trusts 1.4.Equity and trusts 1.5.Equity and the common law 1.6.The fusion of common law and equity 1.7.The case for substantive `fusion' 1.8.Anti-fusion arguments 1.9.The maxims of equity 1.10.The uses of trusts Summary Exercises Further reading 2.Basic concepts and principles 2.1.Fixed and discretionary trusts 2.2.Trusts and powers 2.3.The nature of a beneficiary's interest under a trust 2.4.Property and proprietary interests 2.5.The variety of proprietary interests 2.6.Equitable title and beneficial title 2.7.The rule in Saunders v Vautier 2.8.Trusts and funds 2.9.The bona fide purchase rule Summary Exercises Further reading 3.Certainty 3.1.The three certainties 3.2.Intention 3.3.Subjective and objective intentions 3.4.Precatory words Note continued: 3.5.Segregation of trust property 3.6.Subject matter and objects: the need for certainty 3.7.Forms of uncertainty 3.8.Degrees of uncertainty 3.9.Subject matter 3.10.Intangible and fungible property 3.11.`Floating' trusts 3.12.Objects 3.13.Fixed trusts 3.14.Discretionary trusts and powers of appointment 3.15.Administrative unworkability 3.16.Capriciousness 3.17.Resolving uncertainty 3.18.Consequences of uncertainty Summary Exercises Further reading 4.Purpose trusts 4.1.The beneficiary principle 4.2.The basis of the rule 4.3.Who can enforce trusts? 4.4.Must trusts be enforceable? 4.5.Beneficiaries and the nature of trusts 4.6.The impact of the rule 4.7.Purpose trusts and `persons' trusts 4.8.Exceptions to the rule 4.9.Other requirements of purpose trusts 4.10.Unincorporated associations 4.11.How unincorporated associations hold property Note continued: 4.12.Gifts to unincorporated associations 4.13.The distribution of property upon the dissolution of unincorporated associations 4.14.Political parties 4.15.The reintroduction of purpose trusts Summary Exercises Further reading 5.Charitable trusts 5.1.Trusts for charitable purposes 5.2.Charity, trusts and the law 5.3.Defining charitable purposes 5.4.The Charities Act 2006 5.5.The prevention or relief of poverty 5.6.The advancement of education 5.7.The advancement of religion 5.8.The advancement of health or the saving of lives 5.9.The advancement of citizenship or community development 5.10.The advancement of arts, culture, heritage or science 5.11.The advancement of amateur sport 5.12.The advancement of human rights, conflict resolution or reconciliation, or the promotion of religious or racial harmony or equality and diversity 5.13.The advancement of environmental protection or improvement Note continued: 5.14.The relief of those in need by reason of youth, age, ill-health, disability, financial hardship or other disadvantage 5.15.The advancement of animal welfare 5.16.The promotion of the efficiency of the armed forces of the Crown, or of the efficiency of the police, fire and rescue services or ambulance services 5.17.Other purposes 5.18.The public benefit requirement 5.19.Public benefit and personal nexus 5.20.Trusts for political purposes 5.21.The cy-pres doctrine 5.22.Initial failure 5.23.Subsequent failure 5.24.The meaning of impossibility and impracticability Summary Exercises Further reading 6.Formalities 6.1.Requirements of form 6.2.Modes of transferring the beneficial interest in property 6.3.Imperfect gifts 6.4.The rule in Re Rose 6.5.The rule in Strong v Bird 6.6.Donationes mortis causa 6.7.Proprietary estoppel 6.8.Creating trusts of land 6.9.Secret trusts Note continued: 6.10.Fully and half secret trusts 6.11.The basis for upholding secret trusts 6.12.Fraud 6.13.The `dehors the will' theory 6.14.A pragmatic concession? 6.15.The basic requirements of secret trusts 6.16.Intention 6.17.Communication and acceptance 6.18.Failure of secret trusts 6.19.Dispositions of equitable interests 6.20.Direction to the trustee to hold on trust for another 6.21.Direction to the trustee to transfer the property to another outright 6.22.Declarations of trusts of equitable interests 6.23.Disclaimers and surrenders 6.24.Specifically enforceable contracts to dispose of equitable interests Summary Exercises Further reading 7.Constitution and promises to create trusts 7.1.The constitution of trusts 7.2.Trusts of future property 7.3.Promises to create trusts 7.4.Trusts of covenants 7.5.`Fortuitous vesting' of trust property Summary Exercises Further reading Note continued: 8.Resulting trusts 8.1.The nature of resulting trusts 8.2.The traditional instances of resulting trusts 8.3.Presumed resulting trusts 8.4.The role and significance of presumptions 8.5.Resulting trusts and illegality 8.6.The content of the presumption 8.7.Automatic resulting trusts 8.8.Automatic resulting trusts and intention 8.9.The basis of automatic resulting trusts 8.10.Resulting trusts and unjust enrichment 8.11.Unjust enrichment, insolvency and proprietary claims 8.12.The classification of trusts 8.13.Quistclose trusts 8.14.Quistclose trusts as resulting trusts Summary Exercises Further reading 9.Constructive trusts 9.1.Intention and constructive trusts 9.2.Constructive trusts and constructive trustees 9.3.A unifying theory of constructive trusts 9.4.Recipients of trust property 9.5.Specifically enforceable obligations to transfer specific property Note continued: 9.6.Imperfect gifts and the rule in Re Rose 9.7.Oral trusts of land and the rule in Rochefoucauld v Boustead 9.8.Secret trusts 9.9.Property acquired subject to an undertaking 9.10.`Common intention' trusts of the family home 9.11.Common intention proved by express discussion 9.12.Common intention inferred from conduct 9.13.Quantification of beneficial shares 9.14.Joint legal ownership 9.15.Inferred and imputed intentions 9.16.Evaluation and reform of the common intention constructive trust 9.17.Mistaken transfers 9.18.Theft 9.19.Property acquired in breach of fiduciary duty 9.20.Remedial constructive trusts 9.21.Rules and discretion Summary Exercises Further reading 10.Fiduciary obligations 10.1.The variety of trustees' duties 10.2.The sources of trustees' duties 10.3.Trustees de son tort 10.4.The content of fiduciary obligations 10.5.Securing performance Note continued: 10.6.The rule against conflicts of interest 10.7.Relaxing the rule? 10.8.Payment 10.9.Directors' fees 10.10.The prohibition of self-dealing 10.11.Fair-dealing 10.12.Are all trustees fiduciaries? 10.13.Fiduciary obligations outside trusts Summary Exercises Further reading 11.Non-fiduciary obligations 11.1.Introduction 11.2.The duty of care 11.3.Investment of trust property 11.4.Investment criteria and advice 11.5.Even-handedness 11.6.Ethical investments 11.7.Majority shareholdings 11.8.An illustration 11.9.Rules governing the exercise of dispositive discretions 11.10.Rights to information Summary Exercises Further reading 12.The administration of trusts 12.1.Introduction 12.2.The appointment and removal of trustees 12.3.The variation of trusts 12.4.Delegation of trustees' powers 12.5.Powers of maintenance 12.6.Powers of advancement Summary Exercises Note continued: Further reading 13.Breach of trust and trustees' liability 13.1.Breach of trust 13.2.Duties, wrongs and remedies 13.3.Primary claims 13.4.Liability to account 13.5.Compensation claims 13.6.Limits on the recovery of losses 13.7.Disgorgement claims 13.8.Defences: consent 13.9.Defences: section 61 of the Trustee Act 1925 13.10.Exclusion clauses 13.11.Limitation 13.12.The liability of co-trustees Summary Exercises Further reading 14.Proprietary claims and the liability of third parties 14.1.Breach of trust and third parties 14.2.Personal and proprietary claims 14.3.Tracing 14.4.The basis of claims to traceable substitutes 14.5.Prerequisites to tracing 14.6.Proprietary claims 14.7.Following trust property 14.8.Claims based on tracing 14.9.Tracing into and out of bank accounts 14.10.Bank accounts where all contributors are innocent Note continued: 14.11.Bank accounts where one contributor is a wrongdoer 14.12.Tracing through the payment of a debt 14.13.Backwards tracing 14.14.Subrogation 14.15.Tracing and the `swollen assets' theory 14.16.Trust money spent improving, maintaining or repairing property 14.17.Change of position 14.18.Knowing receipt 14.19.The elements of a knowing receipt claim 14.20.The necessary level of knowledge 14.21.Justifying personal claims against recipients of trust property 14.22.Dishonest assistance 14.23.Dishonesty 14.24.A return to `knowing' assistance? 14.25.Combining claims Summary Exercises Further reading 15.A trust in practice 15.1.Introduction 15.2.The decision to create a trust 15.3.Commentary on the deed of trust and letter of wishes 15.4.Transfer of property to the trustees 15.5.The trust up and running: some accounts and an appointment 15.6.Retirement of a trustee 15.7.Breach of trust

A clear and concise text, engagingly written by an author team who draw on their academic and professional knowledge to bring the subject to life. This new second edition has been fully revised and expanded and features two-colour text and a new jacket design.