Handbook of hydrothermal technology / created by K. Byrappa and Masahiro Yoshimura.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Front Cover; Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology; Copyright page; Dedication; Contents; Preface; 1 Hydrothermal Technology-Principles and Applications; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Definition; 1.3 Mineralizers; 1.4 Surfactants; 1.5 Natural Hydrothermal Systems; 1.6 The Behavior of Volatiles and Other Incompatible Components Under Hydrothermal Conditions; 1.6.1 Water; 1.6.2 Fluorine and Chlorine; 1.6.3 Boron; 1.6.4 Phosphorus; 1.6.5 Behavior of Alkalis; 1.6.6 Crystallization Temperatures; 1.7 Submarine Hydrothermal Systems; 1.8 Hydrothermal Crystal Growth and Materials Processing 1.9 Statistics of Publications and Research in Hydrothermal Technology1.10 Hydrothermal Materials Processing; References; 2 History of Hydrothermal Technology; 2.1 Introduction; References; 3 Apparatus; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Selection of Autoclave and Autoclave Materials; 3.3 Liners; 3.4 Temperature and Pressure Measurements; 3.5 Autoclaves and Autoclave Designs; 3.5.1 Conventional Autoclave Designs; Glass Vessels; Steel Autoclaves; Flat-Plate Closure Autoclave; Cone Closure; Welded Closure; Modified Bridgman Autoclave; 3.5.2 Novel Autoclaves Horizontal Autoclaves for Controlled Growth of CrystalsPendulum Apparatus; Hydrothermal Reaction Cell for Kinetic Studies; PVT Apparatus; Apparatus for Solubility Determination; Rocking Autoclaves; Multichamber Autoclave; Autoclaves for the Sampling of Hydrothermal Fluids; Hydrothermal Autoclaves for Electrical Conductance Measurements of Electrolyte Solutions; Hydrothermal-Electrochemical Method; Autoclave for Ammonothermal Synthesis; Microautoclave; Hydrothermal Autoclaves for Visual Examination; Hydrothermal Hot Pressing; Vertical Autoclaves Used in Hydrometallurgy; Flow Reactors Autoclaves for Accelerating the Kinetics of Hydrothermal Reactions3.6 Safety and Maintenance of Autoclaves; References; 4 Physical Chemistry of Hydrothermal Growth of Crystals; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Physicochemical and Hydrodynamic Principles of the Hydrothermal Growth of Crystals; 4.2 Basic Principles of Phase Formation Under Hydrothermal Conditions; 4.3 Solutions, Solubility, and Kinetics of Crystallization; 4.4 Thermodynamic Principles of Solubility; 4.5 Kinetics of Crystallization Under Hydrothermal Conditions; 4.5.1 Experimental Investigations of Solubility; Solubility of Zincite

Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one volume. The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. Get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes