Sociology matters / created by Richard T Schaefer

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Chapter 1: The Sociological View Chapter 2: Culture and Socialization Chapter 3: Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations Chapter 4: Deviance and Social Control Chapter 5: Stratification in the United States and Worldwide Chapter 6: Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Chapter 7: Inequality of Gender Chapter 8: Family and Religion Chapter 9: Education, Government, and the Economy Chapter 10: Population, Community, Health, and the Environment Chapter 11: Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology DETAILED CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1: The Sociological View What Is Sociology?; The Sociological Imagination; Sociology and the Social Sciences; Sociology and Common Sense What Is Sociological Theory? The Development of Sociology; Early Thinkers; Émile Durkheim; Max Weber; Karl Marx; Modern Developments:Charles Horton Cooley /Jane Addams / Robert Merton Major Theoretical Perspectives; Functionalist Perspective: Manifest and Latent Functions; Conflict Perspective: The Marxist View / A Different Voice: W. E. B Du Bois; Interactionist Perspective; Feminist Perspective What is the Scientific Method?; Defining the Problem; Reviewing the Literature; Formulating the Hypothesis; Collecting and Analyzing Data; Selecting the Sample: Ensuring Validity and Reliability; Developing the Conclusion: Supporting Hypotheses /Controlling the Other Factors /In Summary: The Scientific Method Major Research Designs; Surveys; Observation; Experiments; Use of Existing Sources Ethics of Research Applied and Clinical Sociology Summary Chapter 2: Culture and Socialization Culture and Society Development of Culture Around the World; Cultural Universals; Innovation; Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology Elements of Culture; Language; Norms: Types of Norms / Acceptance of Norms; Sanctions; Values Culture and the Dominant Ideology Cultural Variation; Subcultures; Countercultures; Culture Shock; Ethnocentrism; Cultural Relativism The Role of Socialization; Environment: The Impact of Isolation: A Girl Called Isabelle / Heredity: the Impact of Biology The Self and Socialization; Cooley: Looking-Glass Self; Mead: Stages of the Self; Mead: Theory of the Self; Goffman: Presentation of the Self Socialization and the Life Course; The Life Course; Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization Agents of Socialization; Family; School; Peer Group; Mass Media and Technology; Workplace; The State Summary Chapter 3: Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations Defining and Reconstructing Reality Elements of Social Structure; Statuses: Ascribed and Achieved Status / Master Status; Social Roles: What Are Social Roles? / Role Conflict/ Role Strain; Groups: Primary and Secondary Groups / In-Groups and Out-Groups / Reference Groups Social Networks and Technology; Social Institutions Social Structure in Global Perspective; Tönnies’s Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft; Lenski’s Sociocultural Evolution Approach: Preindustrial Societies / Industrial Societies /Postindustrial and Postmodern Societies Understanding Organizations; Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies; Characteristics of a Bureaucracy; Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture; Voluntary Associations Technology Impact on the Workplace Summary Chapter 4: Deviance and Social Control Social Control; Conformity and Obedience; Informal and Formal Social Control; Law and Society Deviance; What is Deviance? / Deviance and Social Stigma; Explaining Deviance: Functionalist Perspective /Interactionist Perspective / Labeling Theory /Conflict Theory / Feminist Perspective Crime; Types of Crime: Professional Crime / Organized CrimeWhite-Collar and Technology-Based Crime / Victimless Crime; Crime Statistics:Understanding Crime Statistics /International Crime Rates Summary Chapter 5: Stratification in the United States and Worldwide Understanding Stratification ; Systems of Stratification: Slavery / Castes / Social Classes; Perspectives on Stratification: Karl Marx’s View of Class Differentiation / Max Weber’s View of Stratification; Is Stratification Universal? Functionalist ViewConflict View / Lenski’s Viewpoint Stratification by Social Class; Measuring Social Class: Objective Method / Multiple Measures; Wealth and Income; Poverty: Studying Poverty / Who Are the Poor? /Explaining Poverty; Life Chances Social Mobility; Open versus Closed Stratification Systems; Types of Social Mobility; Social Mobility in the United States: Occupational Mobility / The Impact of Education / The Impact of Race /The Impact of Gender Stratification in the World System; Legacy of Colonialism ; Globalization ; Multinational Corporations: Functionalist View / Conflict View; Modernization Summary Chapter 6: Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender The Privileges of the Dominant Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Groups; Minority Groups; Race; Ethnicity Immigration and New Ethnic Groups Explaining Inequality by Race and Ethnicity; The Functionalist View; The Conflict Response; The Interactionist Approach Prejudice and Discrimination; Discriminatory Behavior; Institutional Discrimination; Measuring Discrimination Summary Chapter 7: Inequality of Gender The Social Construction of Gender; Gender-Role Socialization; Women's and Men's Gender Roles; A Cross-Cultural Perspective Explaining Inequality by Gender; The Functionalist View; The Conflict Response; The Feminist Perpsective; The Interactionist Approach Women: The Oppressed Majority; Sexism and Sex Discrimination; Sexual Harrassment; The Status of Women Worldwide; Women in the Workforce of the United States; The Social Consequences of Women's Employment The Double Jeopardy of Minority Women Summary Chapter 8: The Family and Religion Studying Social Institutions; Functionalist View; Conflict View; Interactionist View The Family: A Global View; Composition: What is the Family?; Kinship Patterns: To Whom Are We Related?; Authority Patterns: Who Rules? Religion as a Social Institution; The Integrative Function of Religion; Religion and Social Support; Religion and Social Change; Religion and Social Control: A Conflict View Chapter 9: Education, Government, and the Economy Education: Schools as Formal Organizations; Bureaucratization of Schools; Teachers: Employees and Instructors; Student Subcultures Power and Authority; Types of Authority: Traditional Authority /Legal-Rational Authority / Charismatic Authority Who Rules in the United States?; Power Elite Models: Mill’s Model / Domhoff’s ModelPluralist Model The Economy: Today and Tomorrow; Economic Systems: Capitalism / Socialism; Economic Change: The Face of the Workforce /Deindustrialization / E-Commerce /The Contingency Workforce Summary Chapter 10: Population, Community, Health, and the Environment Demography: The Study of Population; Malthus’s Thesis and Marx’s Response; Studying Population Today; Elements of Demography How Did Communities Originate?; Early Communities; Preindustrial Cities; Industrial and Postindustrial Cities Urbanization and Its Consequences; Functionalist View: Urban Ecology; Conflict View: New Urban Sociology Health and Illness: Sociological Perspectives; Functionalist Approach; Conflict Approach The Medicalization of Society ; Inequities in Health Care; Interactionist Approach; Labeling Approach Social Epidemiology; Social Class; Race and Ethnicity; Gender; Age The Environment and Our Place in It; Environmental Problems: An Overview: Air Pollution /Water Pollution / Contamination of Land; Human Ecology; A Conflict View of Environmental Issues Environmental Justice Summary Chapter 11: Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology Social Movements; Relative Deprivation; Resource Mobilization; Gender and Social Movements; New Social Movements Theories of Social Change; Evolutionary Theory; Functionalist Theory; Conflict Theory; Global Social Change Resistance to Social Change; Economic and Cultural Factors; Resistance to Technology Technology and the Future; Computer Technology: Telecommuting / The Internet; Biotechnology: Sex Selection / Genetic Engineering /Bioterrorism; Technological Accidents Technology and Society; Culture and Social Interaction; Social Control; Stratification and Inequality Summary Glossary References Credits Index